A plant drink replaces milk only if the manufacturer decided to fortify it, and that decision is written on the label. Six things to check in one pass, two traps that catch careful shoppers, and what the composition studies actually found.
A cross-sectional study in Nutrition Bulletin recorded eight days of food intake from 66 Australian vegans. Protein and macronutrient balance were within recommended ranges, while vitamin B12, calcium, iodine, selenium, zinc and long-chain omega-3 fats often fell short, even with supplements.
Choline is an essential nutrient found mainly in animal foods, and vegans eat less of it. What EFSA and the US recommend, which plant foods supply it, what studies measured in vegans, what a 2025 trial found, and when pregnancy makes choline worth planning for.
A randomized trial in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition compared a self-selected vegan diet, a usual omnivorous diet and a vegan diet with resistance exercise in 72 adults over 65. What it found, what it does not show, and a practical note on protein and strength training.
What protein quality scores measure, why plant proteins are not missing amino acids, when combining foods helps, what studies show about vegan protein intake, and how expert groups advise older adults to plan protein and exercise.
Why the soil sets how much selenium plant foods carry, how EFSA, US and TÜBER reference intakes and upper levels compare, what two Brazil nuts actually delivered in a trial, what studies show about vegan selenium status, and why large supplement trials argue for enough rather than extra.
A commentary on Tom Regan’s Empty Cages: the rights theory behind it, why he asked for empty cages rather than bigger ones, who he wrote it for, and the questions critics raised.
The word vegan has a datable birthday: a four-page newsletter signed in Leicester on 24 November 1944. Reading that document shows the famous etymology is missing from it, the break with the vegetarians was no schism, and the 1944 meaning was not today’s.
Someone can miss the taste of a burger and still refuse to accept an animal being killed for it. A Dutch appropriateness survey, an Icelandic study of shared meals, a philosophy paper on imitation and a harmonised life-cycle review, each with what it does and does not show.
Certified Plant Based allows no animal-derived ingredients and caps non-plant ingredients at 10%, but says nothing about animal testing. Vegan seals add testing rules and cross-contamination handling. What each scheme publishes, why the law is silent, and why no seal is an allergen guarantee.
Last updated: · Vegan Sağlık Editorial Team · info@vegansaglik.com
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